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BIOLOGY FOR IGCSE MAY/JUNE 2025

Categories: BRITISH SYSTEM
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About Course

A Comprehensive Guide to Success

Welcome to our online course for Biology IGCSE! This course is meticulously designed to provide you with a thorough understanding of biology, ensuring you are well-prepared for your IGCSE examinations. Whether you are a budding biologist or someone who simply wants to excel in their studies, this course will cater to all your learning needs.

Course Overview

In this course, you will explore the fascinating world of biology, covering essential topics such as cell biology, genetics, ecology, and human physiology. Our structured modules are crafted to build your knowledge progressively, ensuring that complex concepts are made simple and accessible.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this course, you will:

  • Have a solid understanding of fundamental biological principles.
  • Be able to apply biological concepts to real-world scenarios.
  • Be well-prepared to tackle IGCSE biology exam questions with confidence.
  • Develop critical thinking and analytical skills that are essential for further studies in science.

Interactive Learning Experience

Our online platform offers a dynamic and interactive learning experience.

You will have access to:

  • Video lectures and tutorials from experienced educators.
  • Interactive quizzes and practice tests to assess your understanding.
  • Virtual labs and simulations that bring biological concepts to life.
  • Discussion forums where you can engage with peers and instructors.

Support and Resources

We are committed to your success and provide a wealth of resources to support your learning journey, including:

  • Comprehensive study guides and notes.
  • Past exam papers and marking schemes.
  • Personalized feedback and support from our dedicated teaching team.

Getting Started

  1. Embark on this exciting journey by enrolling in our Biology IGCSE online course today. Equip yourself with the knowledge and skills needed to excel in your exams and beyond. Let’s dive into the wonders of biology and unlock the secrets of life together!

Welcome aboard and happy learning!

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Course Content

CH 1 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING ORGANISMS L1
1 Describe the characteristics of living organisms by describing: (a) movement as an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place (b) respiration as the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism (c) sensitivity as the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment (d) growth as a permanent increase in size and dry mass (e) reproduction as the processes that make more of the same kind of organism (f) excretion as the removal of the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements (g) nutrition as the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development State that organisms can be classified into groups by the features that they share 2 Describe a species as a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring 3 Describe the binomial system of naming species as an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species 4 Construct and use dichotomous keys based on identifiable features Supplement 5 Explain that classification systems aim to reflect evolutionary relationships 6 Explain that the sequences of bases in DNA are used as a means of classification 7 Explain that groups of organisms which share a more recent ancestor (are more closely related) have base sequences in DNA that are more similar than those that share only a distant ancesto

CH 1 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING ORGANISMS L2
1 State the main features used to place animals and plants into the appropriate kingdoms 2 State the main features used to place organisms into groups within the animal kingdom, limited to: (a) the main groups of vertebrates: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish (b) the main groups of arthropods: myriapods, insects, arachnids, crustaceans 3 Classify organisms using the features identified in 1.3.1 and 1.3.2 Supplement 4 State the main features used to place all organisms into one of the five kingdoms: animal, plant, fungus, prokaryote, protoctist 5 State the main features used to place organisms into groups within the plant kingdom, limited to ferns and flowering plants (dicotyledons and monocotyledons) 6 Classify organisms using the features identified in 1.3.4 and 1.3.5 7 State the features of viruses, limited to a protein coat and genetic material

CH 2 ORGANIZATION OF THE ORGANISM
1 Describe and compare the structure of a plant cell with an animal cell, limited to: cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, ribosomes, mitochondria, vacuoles 2 Describe the structure of a bacterial cell, limited to: cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, circular DNA, plasmids 3 Identify the cell structures listed in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 in diagrams and images of plant, animal and bacterial cells 4 Describe the functions of the structures listed in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 in plant, animal and bacterial cells 5 State that new cells are produced by division of existing cells

CH 2 ORGANIZATION OF THE ORGANISM L2
6 State that specialised cells have specific functions, limited to: (a) ciliated cells – movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi (b) root hair cells – absorption (c) palisade mesophyll cells – photosynthesis (d) neurones – conduction of electrical impulses (e) red blood cells – transport of oxygen (f) sperm and egg cells (gametes) – reproduction 7 Describe the meaning of the terms: cell, tissue, organ, organ system and organism as illustrated by examples given in the syllabus Supplement 2.2 Size of specimens Core 1 State and use the formula: magnification = image size ÷ actual size 2 Calculate magnification and size of biological specimens using millimetres as units Supplement 3 Convert measurements between millimetres (mm) and micrometres (μm)

CH 3 MOVEMENT IN AND OUT OF THE CELL
Core 1 Describe diffusion as the net movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration (i.e. down a concentration gradient), as a result of their random movement 2 State that the energy for diffusion comes from the kinetic energy of random movement of molecules and ions 3 State that some substances move into and out of cells by diffusion through the cell membrane 4 Describe the importance of diffusion of gases and solutes in living organisms 5 Investigate the factors that influence diffusion, limited to: surface area, temperature, concentration gradient and distance 3.2 Osmosis Core 1 Describe the role of water as a solvent in organisms with reference to digestion, excretion and transport 2 State that water diffuses through partially permeable membranes by osmosis 3 State that water moves into and out of cells by osmosis through the cell membrane 4 Investigate osmosis using materials such as dialysis tubing 5 Investigate and describe the effects on plant tissues of immersing them in solutions of different concentrations 6 State that plants are supported by the pressure of water inside the cells pressing outwards on the cell wall Supplement 7 Describe osmosis as the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential (dilute solution) to a region of lower water potential (concentrated solution), through a partially permeable membrane 8 Explain the effects on plant cells of immersing them in solutions of different concentrations by using the terms: turgid, turgor pressure, plasmolysis, flaccid 9 Explain the importance of water potential and osmosis in the uptake and loss of water by organisms

CH 3 L2 ACTIVE TRANSPORT AND PRACTICE PASTPAPERS
3.3 Active transport Core 1 Describe active transport as the movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration (i.e. against a concentration gradient), using energy from respiration Supplement 2 Explain the importance of active transport as a process for movement of molecules or ions across membranes, including ion uptake by root hairs 3 State that protein carriers move molecules or ions across a membrane during active transport

CH 4 BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
1 List the chemical elements that make up: carbohydrates, fats and proteins 2 State that large molecules are made from smaller molecules, limited to: (a) starch, glycogen and cellulose from glucose (b) proteins from amino acids (c) fats and oils from fatty acids and glycerol 3 Describe the use of: (a) iodine solution test for starch (b) Benedict’s solution test for reducing sugars (c) biuret test for proteins (d) ethanol emulsion test for fats and oils (e) DCPIP test for vitamin C Supplement 4 Describe the structure of a DNA molecule: (a) two strands coiled together to form a double helix (b) each strand contains chemicals called bases (c) bonds between pairs of bases hold the strands together (d) the bases always pair up in the same way: A with T, and C with G (full names are not required)

CH 5 ENZYMES L1
1 Describe a catalyst as a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction and is not changed by the reaction 2 Describe enzymes as proteins that are involved in all metabolic reactions, where they function as biological catalysts 3 Describe why enzymes are important in all living organisms in terms of a reaction rate necessary to sustain life 4 Describe enzyme action with reference to the shape of the active site of an enzyme being complementary to its substrate and the formation of products 5 Investigate and describe the effect of changes in temperature and pH on enzyme activity with reference to optimum temperature and denaturation

CH 5 ENZYMES L2
6 Explain enzyme action with reference to: active site, enzyme-substrate complex, substrate and product 7 Explain the specificity of enzymes in terms of the complementary shape and fit of the active site with the substrate 8 Explain the effect of changes in temperature on enzyme activity in terms of kinetic energy, shape and fit, frequency of effective collisions and denaturation 9 Explain the effect of changes in pH on enzyme activity in terms of shape and fit and denaturation

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